Journal of Education and Health Promotion

Abstract As a main pillar of the health and social welfare system, hospitals affect the public health status in two
ways: (1) Prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation services and (2) external effects on society and
the environment. The present study aimed to identify the roles and functions of future hospitals in the
world. The present study was a systematic review in which all studies about the roles and functions
of future hospitals in different countries with a time limit of 2000 to August 2021 were extracted from
foreign databases, including PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science, and search engine,
Google Scholar, as well as Persian databases, including Magiran, SID, and Iran Medex. We utilized
the STROBE checklists for quantitative studies and SRQR checklists for qualitative studies to
critique and evaluate the quality of qualitative studies. We then extracted their results and classified
the content according to the main and subtopics. A total of 16 articles met the inclusion criteria of
the present study. Hospitals can play four roles: stand‑alone, dominant, collaborative, and partner.
Findings were classified into six general groups: the role and mission of future hospitals, the way
of providing care, funding, staff and patients, technology and information of future hospitals, and
the challenges and barriers of current hospitals. Health service policy‑makers need to pay special
attention to technological innovations and advances as well as changes in the roles and functions
of hospitals and seek to turn the threats arising from external changes into opportunities for better
hospital performances.

Abstract Clinical governance is a systematic approach to enhancing the quality of primary health care and
ensuring high clinical standards, responsiveness to performance, and continuous improvement
in service quality. The objective of the current study was to investigate the global experiences
of clinical governance in primary health care. In the present systematic review, relevant articles
from different countries were searched in various databases such as MD PubMed from Medline
portal, Emerald Springer link, ProQuest, Cochrane, Scopus, Web of Science, and Consult until
April 2019. The searched articles were checked through CASP and PRISMA checklists, and their
results were extracted. Of the 17 selected studies, 16 belonged to developed countries, including
England (13), Australia, Italy, and New Zealand, and one was from Turkey. The findings were divided
into three general categories: (1) principles of effectiveness and risk management, (2) deployment
requirements such as structural and organizational needs, resource and communication, and
information management, and (3) barriers of clinical governance toward providing primary health
care. it is recommended that a suitable framework or model be developed and designed adapted
to the local culture and taking into account all effective dimensions for a proper establishment and
implementation of clinical governance in primary health care.