Journal of Education and Health Promotion

Abstract BACKGROUND: Smokeless tobacco use is a public health problem. This study explored students’
beliefs about smokeless tobacco use in Chabahar, Iran.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The qualitative study was conducted using three Focused Group
Discussions among 24 students aged 12–14 years in Chabahar City. Focus Group Guide Morgan
was used. Qualitative Content Analysis was used to explore and extract codes and themes. The
data analysis process was carried out in accordance with the stages of proposed by Graneheim and
Lundman. Guba and Lincoln criteria were used for evaluating research transferability.
RESULTS: Two main themes emerged from the analysis including; beliefs of being useful and
harmful. Each of these themes is divided into subthemes with useful or harmful physical and
psychological beliefs. Four subthemes included: beliefs of being useful physically, beliefs of being
useful psychologically, harmful beliefs physically, and harmful beliefs psychologically.
CONCLUSIONS: One of the more significant findings to emerge from this study is that many students
mentioned the benefits of using smokeless tobacco to reduce toothache, relieve headaches, and bad
breath. This information can be used to develop targeted interventions aimed at reducing smokeless
tobacco consumption. However, more research on this topic needs to be undertaken before the
association between kinds of beliefs and smokeless tobacco consumption is more clearly understood.

Abstract INTRODUCTION: The need assessment is a fundamental part of any planning, and almost by
neglecting it, the effectiveness of the programs is impossible. The purpose of this study was the
prioritization of needs among students of the Iran University of Medical Sciences.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The design study was conducted in two parts; in the first part, the
design of the questionnaire was done by qualitative methods. The questionnaires were extracted
by interviewing and obtained acceptable validity and reliability. Moreover, the second part created
a questionnaire consisting of four categories: education, welfare, economic, and psychological and
social. A simple random sampling method was used to select 363 people using the Cochran formula.
Finally, 336 people (including 28 people excluded) completed the questionnaire. A questionnaire
designed to collect sample data was used and analyzed using version 23 of SPSS.
RESULTS: A total of 336 students (26.77 ± 5.45 years) participated in the study. 123 (36.6%) were
male and 213 (63.4%) were female. Psychological and social needs of students were prioritized,
and educational priorities were ranked second. The findings showed that there was no significant
statistical difference between the scores of welfares and psychosocial and educational needs and
the gender of the research units (P > 0.05). However, in the mean of economic needs scores, there
is a significant statistical difference between the marital status of the research units (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: The results of our study in the research units showed that the priority of psychosocial
needs was more than other needs and the educational priority was the next. According to the results
of this study, we suggest that, in future educational and educational planning, policymakers and
planners should pay attention to psychological and social issues.

Abstract INTRODUCTION: An individual’s lifestyle is closely related to the health so that a healthy lifestyle
improves the purpose of this study was prioritizing health promotion lifestyle domains in students of
Qazvin University of Medical Sciences from the students and professors’ perspective.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was done in cross‑sectional method. The statistical
population of this study consisted of students in Qazvin University of Medical Sciences in the academic
year 2018. In addition, 10 faculty members in this university and five students were questioned in
Delphi method from different educational groups. The questionnaire was used consisted of two
parts. The first part included demographic characteristics, and the second part included the standard
questions for Pender’s health promotion model. The Delphi needs assessment method was also
used to collect the information.
RESULTS: The mean score of students’ health‑promoting behaviors was average (135.22 ± 19.35).
The greatest score of health promotion behaviors was related to the spiritual growth scale (25.3 ± 5.4),
and the lowest score was for physical activity (19.7 ± 05.1). The results of the Delphi method also
suggested that both groups of faculty members and students believe that the dimensions of health
accountability, physical activity, and prevention of high‑risk behaviors in the students’ lifestyle, need
to be intervened.
CONCLUSION: The results of the present study indicated that the students’ lifestyle at Qazvin
University of Medical Sciences was in average condition and low scores in the dimension of physical
activity. Planned interventions should be made to promote health‑promoting lifestyle among these
students.

Abstract