Journal of Education and Health Promotion

Financial burden imposed on the insured patients for private treatment: Evidence from a state of Iran

. Manal Etemadi; . Mohammad Shiri; . Elham Rostami; . Mohammad Mohseni; . Masumeh Seyedi

Volume 9, Issue 12 , December 2019, , Pages 1-8

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Protection against financial risks is one of the important goals of the healthsystem. The present study aims to determine the rate of exposure to catastrophic expenditures ... Read More INTRODUCTION: Protection against financial risks is one of the important goals of the healthsystem. The present study aims to determine the rate of exposure to catastrophic expenditures inthe insured inpatients.METHODS: The present study was cross‑sectional one which is conducted in 2016. The statisticalpopulation comprised all the insured patients presenting to a private hospital in Qom who presentedto the hospital within 4 months from December 2015 to March 2016. Random convenience samplingmethod was used, and the sample size was estimated at 267 people using Cochran formula.A questionnaire was employed for data gathering. Data were analyzed using Chi‑square test andlogistic regression using SPSS software version 20.RESULS: Patients exposed to catastrophic expenditures of treatment accounted for the 54.8% ofthe cases. The highest rate of being exposed to the catastrophic expenditures was related to theinsured patients of the Universal Health Insurance Fund (UHIF). People with rural insurance, onaverage, paid the highest cost of treatment in the hospital. The surgical ward and critical care unitaccounted for the biggest percentage of the patients who incurred catastrophic expenditures. Beingrural, longer length of stay, lower education of the head of the household, lack of supplementaryinsurance coverage, and being in UHIF coverage have a substantial relationship with being exposedto catastrophic expenditures.DISCUSSION: The socioeconomic status of the insured people in the UHIF and the Rural InsuranceFund was worse than other funds in terms of less utilization and higher rate of exposure to catastrophicexpenditures, and this issue requires the adoption of specific targeted policies for these groups inrespect with reducing out‑of‑pocket payments through mechanism such as stepwise copayments,maximum out‑of‑pocket limit, fee exemptions or waiver and providing supplementary insurance toreduce the exposure to catastrophic expenditures.

Inputs of Iranian health system reform plan from health sector managers and policy‑makers’ points of view

. Mohammad Hossein Yarmohammadian; . Elahe Khorasani; . Mohsen Ghaffari Darab; . Manal Etemadi; . Mahan Mohammadi

Volume 8, Issue 10 , October 2018, , Pages 1-8

Abstract

CONTEXT: Health system reform plan refers to conducting some fundamental, systematic, andsustainable changes.AIMS: The aim of the present study was to evaluate different required inputs ... Read More

Perceived organizational support and job involvement in the Iranian health care system: A case study of emergency room nurses in general hospitals

. Hassan Abolghasem Gorji; . Manal Etemadi; . Fatemeh Hoseini

Volume 4, Issue 3 , June 2014, , Pages 1-7

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Researchers believe that there are social exchangesbetween the employers and employees, because the employees would be interested intheir organization and ... Read More Background and Objectives: Researchers believe that there are social exchangesbetween the employers and employees, because the employees would be interested intheir organization and trust it based on how the organization values them and their welfare,comfort, and security. This belief is known as perceived organizational support that makesemployees consider themselves as a part of their organization and have a commitment to it.The literature review is very limited in both variables in Iran and thus few studies also reportthe perceived organizational support and job involvement at the lower levels in our country.This research aimed at studying the levels of perceived organizational support and jobinvolvement, relationship between this two, and the demographic factors relationship with bothof them. Materials and Methods: This research was a descriptive analytical study conducted in2012. The population included 123 emergency nurses in General Hospitals of Qom. Data werecollected through Perceived Organizational Support and Job Involvement Questionnaires andanalyzed using SPSS software, descriptive statistics and Spearman correlation and Chi-squaretest. Results: Both mean scores for perceived organizational support and job involvementwere in average level, 146/12 and 35/38, respectively. There was a significant relationshipbetween perceived organizational support and age, education, tenure, organizational position,and job shift. There was also a significant relationship between job involvement and ageand education and finally between perceived organizational support and job involvement(P = 0/029). Discussion: The high correlation between perceived organizational supportand job involvement indicates that the improvement of perceived organizational support arenecessary through motivating the employees, showing interest in them, paying attention tothem, respecting them, and providing development opportunity in the organization. Theseshould be always considered by managersto improve job involvement

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Author = . Manal Etemadi

Financial burden imposed on the insured patients for private treatment: Evidence from a state of Iran

Abstract

Inputs of Iranian health system reform plan from health sector managers and policy‑makers’ points of view

Abstract

Perceived organizational support and job involvement in the Iranian health care system: A case study of emergency room nurses in general hospitals

Abstract