. Somayye Keshavarz; . Afshin Ebrahimi; . Mahnaz Nikaeen
Volume 5, Issue 5 , December 2015, , Pages 1-7
Abstract
Aims: The aims of this study were to determine fluoride concentration in drinking water and staplefoods consumed by residents of Dayyer port (Bushehr province, south of Iran) and to ...
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Aims: The aims of this study were to determine fluoride concentration in drinking water and staplefoods consumed by residents of Dayyer port (Bushehr province, south of Iran) and to assess itshealth risk via human intake in 2013. Materials and Methods: Health risk assessment due tofluoride exposure via consumption of drinking water, date, vegetables and fish was conductedin spring and summer of 2013 using the US‑EPA (United States—Environmental ProtectionAgency) method, which considers hazard quotient (HQ) as a ratio of the estimated dose of acontaminant to the reference dose. A fluoride ion‑selective electrode (ISE) measured the fluoridecontents of food samples. The sodium‑2‑(parasulfophenyl largo)‑1,8‑dihydroxy‑3,6‑naphtnalenedisulfonate colorimetric method (SPADNS) was used to determine fluoride concentration inwater samples. Results: The total estimated oral intake of fluoride for children in summer andspring were 120.6 and 145.6 µg/kg/day, respectively. These values for adults were 99.2 and 112µg/kg/day. This survey demonstrated that drinking water was the most important contributor ofdietary fluoride intake in the study area. Conclusion: HQ values for adults and children were >1which approves that a potential health risk of fluorosis can exist. The recommendations for thestudy area are supplying drinking water from alternative sources and defluoridation of drinkingwater by an adsorption technique and membrane filtration, respectively. Furthermore, people aresuggested to have a good nutrition (especially rich of vitamin C) to reduce the risk of fluorosis.
