Journal of Education and Health Promotion

Abstract BACKGROUND: Nursing is one of the most stressful occupations. Educational intervention regarding
stress management can play an important role in reducing occupational stress among nurses The
present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of educational intervention on reducing oxidative
stress caused by occupational stress in nurses: A health promotion approach in a hospital in western
Iran.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present interventional study was performed in 2019 among
92 nurses working at the Kosar Hospital located in the city of Sanandaj in the country of Iran.
Occupational stress was evaluated using the Osipow Occupational Stress Questionnaire. Oxidative
stress was measured by taking blood samples and measuring the enzymatic activity of superoxide
dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde, and catalase (CAT) using SOD, malondialdehyde (MDA), and
CAT kits. Educational intervention was carried out in the second stage. Three months after the
intervention, data were taken again.
RESULTS: The results of the present study indicated that there was a significant difference in
occupational stress between before and after the educational intervention (P < 0.05). A significant
reduction in MDA (P = 0.038) and SOD (P = 0.048) was observed after educational intervention, but
this was not the case for CAT (P = 0.592). There was no significant correlation between occupational
stress with oxidative stress parameters before and after the educational intervention (P < 0.05). No
significant difference in occupational stress was observed between men and women. Among the
oxidative stress parameters under evaluation, MDA was higher among men compared to women
and this was statistically significant.
CONCLUSIONS: Educational intervention regarding occupational stress is effective in reducing
oxidative stress among nurses. The group meetings teach stress management to the participants
and enable them to better manage their stress by utilizing their own capabilities. Thus, attention to
this issue is vital in maintaining the mental and physical health of nurses and, in turn, improves the
quality of care rendered.

Abstract Introduction: Disease mapping includes a set of statistical techniques that provides maps based on estimates of diseases rates. Bayesian ones are the most important models in this field. They consider prior information on changes in the disease rates in overall map and spatial pattern of the disease. These include a broad range of models with their own formulation, characteristics, strengths, and weaknesses. In the present study, we explain and compare three important and widely-used Bayesian models in the study of evaluating relative risk of suicide in Ilam province. Materials and Methods: In this applied-ecological research, suicide incidence in Ilam province in 2008 and 2009 was analyzed by use of Gamma-Poisson, Log-normal, and BYM Bayesian models. Models were fitted to data using WinBUGS software. Results: Fitting the three models showed that Darehshahr and Shirvan-Chrdavol had the highest and the lowest relative risk of suicide, respectively (relative risks based on Gamma-Poisson, Log-normal, and BYM models were 2.243, 2.275, and 2.279 for Dareshahr and 0.321, 0.321, and 0.319 for Shirvan-Chrdavol, respectively). Conclusion: Despite some differences in estimates, the ranks of relative risks in counties in all three models are the same. The counties based on the relative risks of suicide from the most to the least are: Darehshahr, Ilam, Dehloran, Eyvan, Abdanan, Mehran, Malekshahi, and Shirvan-Chrdavol.