Journal of Education and Health Promotion

Abstract Behavioral and emotional problems are the most common form of child psychiatric pathology.
Parenting styles are one of the factors affecting the formation of children’s personality and the use of
inefficient styles can lead to several negative consequences such as behavioral problems. The aim
of the present article is to describe a variety of parenting styles and their relationship with children
behavioral problems. The present study reviews a variety of parenting styles including Kazdin’s Parent
Management Education Model, Barclay’s Parent Training Program, Adler and Dreikurs Approach,
and Positive Parenting Program. Finally, based on reality theory, parenting is neglected to be one
of those styles. Therefore, it is imperative to do a research based on reality theory with existential
psychotherapy and with the view that everyone chooses to behave, external pressure is always an
imposition, the children learn from their mistakes, and everyone is responsible for his own happiness.

Abstract BACKGROUND: Self‑directed learning readiness scale for nursing education (SDLRSNE) was first
edited in Fisher and King Learning, which was an alternative for self‑directed learning readiness.
OBJECTIVES: The present research aims at reinvestigating the subscale factor structure of this tool
and present evidence regarding its validity and reliability.
METHODS: In this cross‑psychometric study, 379 students completed SDLRSNE, with 29 items and
three subscales that were selected by conducting simple random sampling method, from among 1135
nursing and midwifery students at Islamic Azad University of Isfahan (Khorasgan), in 2015–2016
academic years. The data were analyzed using SPSS20 and Lisrel8.5 Software. The mentioned
data were studied by utilizing descriptive standards and inferential tests such as Cronbach’s alpha
coefficients, Spearman–Brown, Gutmann, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).
RESULTS: According to the proper fitness indicators, CFA of 29 items clearly distinguishes
self‑directing into three elements, including self‑management, desire for learning, and self‑control.
Results demonstrated that all three scale elements have high internal consistency coefficients.
CONCLUSION: Results exhibit that short‑form scale for self‑directed readiness in Fisher and
King learning is a valid and reliable tool for identifying the capabilities of the nursing and midwifery
student’s self‑learning.

Abstract Background: The issue of students’ academic failure is one of the most important educational,
economic, and social issues. Cognizance of the factors related to academic downfall is so efficient
in its prevention and control and leads to protecting governmental assets and labor force. In
order to achieve this goal, this study intends to determine the predictive factors of the students’
academic performance in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in terms of their personality profile,
mental health, and their demographic characteristics. Materials and Methods: This study was a
descriptive‑correlation study on 771 students who entered Isfahan University of Medical Sciences
between 2005 and 2007. The information was gathered through using the students’ educational and
clinical files (for measuring personality characteristics and mental health) and SAMA Software (To
get the mean scores). Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory short form and General Health
Questionnaire were used for collecting clinical data. The data were analyzed using SPSS 15(stepwise
regression coefficient, variance analysis, Student’s t‑test, and Spearman correlation coefficient).
Result: The results showed that the aforementioned students obtained a normal average for their
personality profile and mental health indicators. Of all the reviewed variables, education, age, gender,
depression, and hypochondria were the predictive factors of the students’ educational performance.
Conclusion: It could be concluded that some of the personality features, mental health indicators,
and personality profile play such a significant role in the students’ educational life that the disorder
in any of them affects the students’ educational performance and academic failure.