Journal of Education and Health Promotion

Abstract BACKGROUND: Perceived stress is one of the causes of preeclampsia; one of the ways to manage 
mental stress is hypnosis. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of hypnosis on perceived 
stress in women with preeclampsia.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This randomized clinical trial was performed on 80 (40 people in each 
group) pregnant women 28–32 weeks with preeclampsia and hospitalized in two public hospitals in 
Mashhad in 2020. The Cohen Perceived Stress Questionnaire was first completed in two groups. 
Then, in the intervention group, three half‑hour sessions of hypnosis were performed with an interval 
of 3 days (hypnosis consists of three sessions: each session is held for three consecutive nights). 
After each session, the intervention package, which included recording the dialogs of each session 
for posthypnotic suggestion, was delivered to the mothers on a CD to listen to every night before 
bed. The control group received routine care. Then, 2 weeks after the intervention, the Perceived 
Stress Questionnaire was completed by both groups. The results were analyzed by independent 
t‑test, paired t‑test, Mann–Whitney, Chi‑square, Friedman and covariance tests, and by SPSS 16.
RESULTS: At the beginning of the study, there was no statistically significant difference between 
demographic characteristics and the perceived stress score before the intervention between the two 
groups (P > 0.05). However, after the intervention, the mean perceived stress score was a statistically 
significant difference between the intervention and control groups (P = 0.005). Perceived stress after 
the intervention was significantly reduced in the intervention group, which was significant between 
the two groups.
CONCLUSION: Perceived stress in mothers with preeclampsia is reduced by hypnosis.

Abstract BACKGROUND: Candidiasis vaginitis is an opportunistic and common mucosal infection. Although
Candida albicans is the most common isolated species, other species of Candida such as Candida
glabrata, Candida krusei, Candida parapsilosis, and Candida tropicalis have also increased
significantly in recent years. The aim of this study was to identify Candida species in women with
candidal vaginal infection in order to promote health in women.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross‑sectional descriptive study was performed on nonpregnant
women of childbearing age who referred to health centers in Neyshabur in 2018. At the beginning of
the study, 163 people entered the study and the culture results were positive in 68 of them. In vitro,
culture was performed in subduxtrose agar medium containing chloramphenicol and gentamicin.
Species identification was performed using Candida specific culture medium (Saburo dextrose agar
and chloramphenicol). After culture, 15% of the residual wet slide with potash (KOH) was prepared
and observed with a lens. Finally, the data were analyzed with SPSS software version 24.
RESULTS: The participants in the study were women with a mean age of 35.55 ± 5.47 and the
average number of deliveries was 1.38 ± 1.15. In this study, the prevalence of C. albicans was
59.7%, C. tropicalis was 14.8%, C. krusei was 15%, and C. glabrata was 7.61% and also krusei and
tropicalis were 3% simultaneously. Therefore, C. albicans was the most common species isolated
from clinical specimens.
CONCLUSION: In this study, the most common species after albicans were C. tropicalis and
cruciferous. Considering the role of C. glabrata in the development of resistance to antifungal drugs,
the lower prevalence of this species in the present study can be associated with improved treatment
outcomes in patients.

Abstract BACKGROUND: Spiritual health in the field of health has a great importance in mental disorders and
posttraumatic stress disorders, in treatment process. The present study was done aiming “determine
the effect of spiritual care education on the spiritual health of preeclamptic women with postpartum
stress disorder.”
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This randomized clinical trial was done in 2017 on 260 women with
preeclampsia in Mashhad. Data collection was done with questionnaires Perinatal Posttraumatic
Stress Questionnaire (PPQ), the posttraumatic disorder checklist, Duke University Religion Index,
and the Spiritual Well‑Being Scale (SWBS). In the intervention group, first, women were educated
on spiritual care each day based on Richards and Bergin’s pattern, in three sessions, which lasted
45–60 min. The control group also received routine cares. All units completed the questionnaire
SWBS at the 8th postpartum period. P < 0.05 was meaningful.
RESULTS: After the intervention, this score of spiritual health in the intervention and control groups
had a significant difference with independent test (P = 0.004). Spiritual health significantly increased
in the interventional group.
CONCLUSIONS: Providing spiritual care to pregnant mothers with preeclampsia, increase their
spiritual health.

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Midwifery screening is one of the duties of midwives according to national
guidelines. It is possible to increase midwives’ knowledge and practice through effective education.
The aim of this study was to compare the effect of standardized patient‑based education and feedback
lecture on midwives’ knowledge and practice in screening counseling for fetal malformations.
METHODS: This quasi‑experimental, two‑group study (standardized patient‑based training and
feedback lecture) was performed on 67 midwives (licensed by the office) in Mashhad in 2018.
Midwives’ knowledge and practice before and 2 weeks after training (a 4‑h training program)
were assessed by the Objective Structured Clinical Examination and a questionnaire. The data
were analyzed by the SPSS software version 16 using Mann–Whitney, Chi‑square, Wilcoxon and
independent t‑test while P < 0.05 considered as a significant level.
RESULTS: Before intervention, the total score of knowledge and practice showed no statistically
significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). After intervention, knowledge score
in feedback lecture group was statistically significantly higher than that of standard patient
group (P < 0.001). In addition, there was no statistically significant difference in performance scores
between the two groups after intervention (P = 0.761).
CONCLUSION: Both educational methods can increase midwives’ knowledge and practice in fetal
screening counseling. However, in raising midwives’ awareness, feedback lecture group was more
effective than standard patient group.

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Posttraumatic stress disorder is an anxiety disorder that occurs after exposure
to an event that causes injury or threat. The prevalence of preeclampsia was reported to be 28%.
Considering the significant role of spiritual care in physical and psychological outcomes of patients,
this study was conducted to determine “the effect of spiritual care education on postpartum stress
disorder in women with preeclampsia”.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this randomized clinical trial, 72 pregnant women (36 in each group)
were selected in a convenient way between the ages of 34 and 38 weeks who had preeclampsia and
admitted to two public hospitals in Mashhad. The questionnaires such as Duke University Religion
Index, DASS 21, the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL), and  Prenatal Posttraumatic
Stress Questionnaire (PPQ) were used at the beginning in two groups. In the intervention group, first,
women were educated each day based on Richards and Bergin’s pattern, in three sessions, which
lasted 45–60 min. The control group also received routine cares. All units completed questionnaires
such as Prenatal Posttraumatic Stress Questionnaire (PPQ) at the 4th–6th postpartum period. Results
were analyzed by independent t‑test, Mann–Whitney test, Chi‑square test, and SPSS version 16.
RESULTS: The mean change score of postpartum stress disorder in the intervention and control
groups was different after intervention (P = 0.001).
CONCLUSION: Providing spiritual care to pregnant mothers with preeclampsia reduces their risk
of postpartum stress disorder. Therefore, this kind of care as an effective intervention is included in
the routine care of this group with high‑risk pregnancies.

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Sexual health is one of the key factors to sustain marital life and having a good
sexual function. On the other hand, temperament affects sexual function. Training is also one of
the basic foundations for promoting sexual health. Therefore, the researcher has designed and
implemented a study (2017) aimed “determining the study of educational package on sexual function
in cold temperament women of reproductive age.”
METHODS: This randomized clinical trial study was performed on 80 women in two groups (40 in
each group). This study was done, in available method, on no pregnant women aged 20–40 years old
that referred to health centers in Mashhad. DASS 21 sexual function and determining temperament
questionnaires were completed in two groups before intervention. At first, the sexual function
training package was held by the researcher at 6 sessions (twice a week for 3 weeks) that was
based on nutrition, sport, and lifestyle axes. The control group also received routine care. A week
after intervention finished, all the units completed a sexual function questionnaire. The results were
analyzed by these techniques as SPSS software (version 16) and statistical tests such as Independent
t‑test, T‑pair, Mann–Whitney, Chi‑square, and Fisher’s exact test.
RESULTS: At the beginning of the study, there was no statistically significant difference between
the personal characteristics and the mean score of sexual function and all its dimensions in the two
groups. The mean sexual performance score and all its dimensions after intervention were significantly
different in intervention and control groups P < 0.001. Sexual function and all its dimensions were
improved after intervention in the intervention group.
CONCLUSION: Giving sexual function package has improved the sexual function of cold temperament
women. So, for routine caring of cold temperament women, it is better that health center employees
consider this training package as an effective, easy, available, nonpharmacological, and economic
intervention.

Abstract CONTEXT: Quality of life (QOL) is one of the important indexes of health and well‑being promotion
in the diabetic patients. Based on numerous studies, these patients have a lower QOL, compared
to nondiabetic individuals. In addition, a higher prevalence of sexual function disorder has been
reported in their population that can have a negative effect on their QOL.
AIMS: This study aimed to investigate the association between sexual function and QOL in diabetic
women referring to health care centers in Mashhad during 2013–2014.
SETTINGS AND DESIGNS: In this correlational study, the association between sexual function and
QOL in 90 diabetic women with type two diabetes referring to health care centers in Mashhad during
2013–2014 was investigated.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Data were collected by Rosen female sexual function index and short
form‑36 questionnaires.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Data were analyzed by mean comparison and Spearman
correlation coefficient statistical test through SPSS 16.
RESULTS: Subjects’ mean sexual function score was 21.7 ± 6.30. Based on the finding, 25.6% of the
subjects suffered from sexual function disorder. Subjects’ mean score of QOL was 58.75 ± 1616.24.
There was a significant association between an overall score of sexual function and its subscales,
with their QOL and two dimensions of overall physical and psychological and mental health scores
(P < 0.005).
CONCLUSIONS: Sexual function is one of the important and associated aspects of QOL in diabetic
patients. Designing and evaluation of the interventions with the goal of an improvement in this variable
plays a notable role in the promotion of these patients’ QOL. However, with regard to limited research
in this field, further studies on this association are suggested.