Journal of Education and Health Promotion

Abstract BACKGROUND: Male reproductive health is a necessary pillar of childbearing. If a reproductive health
assessment is conducted in the preconception period, the chance of a healthy pregnancy can increase.
This qualitative study aimed to explore men’s reproductive health needs before conception in Iran.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This research was a qualitative study conducted in Bushehr city, Iran
to explore men’s reproductive health needs from April 2021 to November 2021. 30 semistructured
interviews were conducted with married men, women, healthcare providers, and specialists individually
in the health centers. The sampling method used in this study was purpose‑based with maximum
variety. All interviews were digitally recorded and transcribed verbatim in Persian and analyzed
using directional content analysis. MAXQDA software version 12 was used to facilitate data analysis.
RESULTS: From the data analysis, 2 themes, 15 categories, and 38 subcategories emerged. The
themes included evaluation and health promotion recommendations. It consisted of 10 categories:
reproductive life plan evaluation, medical history evaluation, family and genetic history evaluation,
social history evaluation, sexual health evaluation, medication evaluation, laboratory evaluation,
physical examination, lifestyle evaluation, and mental health evaluation. Health promotion
recommendations included five categories: nutritional recommendations, stress management,
avoiding harmful behaviors, protective measures against harmful exposure, and need for education.
CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed that men need a comprehensive evaluation of reproductive
health and recommendations to improve their health in the preconception period. Our study findings
can inform healthcare providers to increase men’s participation in reproductive health.

Abstract BACKGROUND: Metamotivation is a process that students use to monitor their motivational states
to reach their academic goals. To date, few studies have addressed the ways that medical students
manage their motivational states. This study aim to identify the motivational strategies of medical
students as they use the metamotivational process to monitor and control their motivational states.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This qualitative study uses directed content analysis of the narrative
responses of 18 medical students to draft an in‑depth and semistructured interview protocol which were
conducted through WhatsApp due to social distance restrictions of COVID‑19. Data were collected,
encoded, and analyzed using deductive content analysis approach descripted by Elo and Kyngäs.
RESULTS: Seven main themes were extracted as the motivational strategies of medical students
including “regulation of value,” “regulation of situational interest,” “self‑consequating,” “environmental
structuring,” “efficacy management,” “regulation of relatedness,” and “regulation of situational
awareness.” In this study by identifying new strategies, we provide a broader framework of
metamotivational strategies in the field of the progression of learners in medical education.
CONCLUSION: Medical students use a variety of strategies to regulate their academic motivation. To
sustain and improve the motivation of medical students, identifying and strengthening metamotivational
strategies is the first step.

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Assessment interprofessional collaboration (IPC), in community health‑care
setting usually has been neglected due to the lack of standard tools and assessors. In the present
study, the IPC checklist extracted from CANMEDS collaborator toolkit for teaching and assessing
the collaborator role is contextualized in Iranian community healthcare.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: According to CANMEDS Toolkit, an instrument extracted for IPC
assessment. Using Chavez’ toolkit, face and content validity were studied through two rounds of
Delphi by 12 experts of TUMS. Qualitative content validity including content validity index (CVI),
and content validity ratio (CVR) were assessed following watching a standard video about IPC by
them. Construct validity was studied by confirmatory factor analysis through LISREL software. To
check reliability, Cronbach’s alpha was calculated, and the other 12 experts completed checklists in
test–retest process with a 2‑week interval.
RESULTS: Face and qualitative content validity were confirmed using the Delphi method. CVI and
CVR were calculated as 0.61 and 0.86. In factor analysis, x2/df and RMSEA were calculated as
1.363 and 0.036; CFI, IFI, GFI, and AGFI were >0.7, and hence, the construct validity was confirmed.
Cronbach’s alpha was 0.953 for internal consistency. Test–retest was also calculated as 0.918
indicated to confirm reliability.
CONCLUSION: CANMEDS framework as an assessment tool for evaluating IPC in community health
setting is not only valid and reliable in the Iranian context but also it is easy to use for respondents
resulted from the rational number of items in community.